The Treaty of Kars, 13 October 1921

Under the Treaty of Kars, concluded on 13 October 1921, a large part of the Armenian lands was taken from Armenia, and these territories remain occupied to this day. Under the treaty the Kars region and the Surmalu district passed to Turkey. The Bolsheviks led by Lenin forced the government of Soviet Armenia to sign this treaty, which could rather be called a sentence. According to the source, the treaty between Kemalist Turkey and Bolshevik Russia was signed hastily in Kars, in a simple railway carriage. It deprived the Armenians of their homeland and left them only 29 thousand square kilometres.

At the top is an Armenian-language map marking the vilayets of Trebizond, Erzurum, Bitlis and Van, the Kars region, the Surmalu district and the Republic of Armenia. Below is the wall of a railway carriage with a five-pointed star, a crescent and a Russian inscription in which the words “RSFSR” and “Russian Red Army” can be read, together with an address to Kâzım Karabekir Pasha, commander-in-chief of the Eastern Turkish Front of the Government of the Grand National Assembly.